Internet configuration and troubleshooting

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1. Internet Configuration Basics ⚡

A. Connecting to Internet

  1. Via Cable/DSL: Connect modem → router → PC (Ethernet cable) πŸ”Œ

  2. Via Wi-Fi: Connect PC/laptop to wireless SSID πŸ“Ά

  3. Mobile Hotspot: Use smartphone to share cellular data πŸ“±

B. IP Configuration 🏷️

  • Automatic (DHCP): Router assigns IP, subnet mask, gateway automatically ✅

  • Manual (Static IP): You assign:

    • IP Address: Unique identifier (e.g., 192.168.1.10)

    • Subnet Mask: Usually 255.255.255.0

    • Default Gateway: Router IP (e.g., 192.168.1.1)

    • DNS Server: IP to resolve domain names (e.g., 8.8.8.8 for Google DNS)

Windows:

  • Control Panel → Network & Sharing Center → Adapter Settings → IPv4 Properties

Linux:

sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.10/24 dev eth0
sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1

2. Internet Troubleshooting Steps πŸ”§

Step 1: Check Physical Connection πŸ”Œ

  • Ethernet cable connected?

  • Wi-Fi enabled and connected to correct SSID?

  • Modem/router powered on?

Step 2: Check IP Address 🏷️

  • Windows: ipconfig

  • Linux: ifconfig or ip addr

  • Ensure IP is valid (not starting with 169.254 → means no DHCP)

Step 3: Ping Test πŸ“

  • Test connectivity:

ping 8.8.8.8

  • If ping works → network okay, problem may be DNS

  • If ping fails → check cables, router, or firewall

Step 4: DNS Check 🌐

  • Windows: nslookup google.com

  • Linux: dig google.com

  • If fails → set DNS to 8.8.8.8 or ISP DNS

Step 5: Traceroute πŸ”„

  • Shows path to website/server:

tracert google.com  (Windows)
traceroute google.com  (Linux)

  • Helps identify where connection is failing

Step 6: Browser/Software Check πŸ–₯️

  • Clear cache, disable VPN/proxy

  • Test on another browser/device

3. Common Issues and Solutions ⚡

IssuePossible CauseSolution
No InternetModem/router issueRestart modem/router πŸ”„
IP ConflictDuplicate IP in LANAssign unique IP 🏷️
Slow InternetNetwork congestion, weak Wi-FiChange channel, limit devices πŸ“Ά
DNS IssuesDNS server downUse 8.8.8.8 / 8.8.4.4 🌐
Wi-Fi not connectingWrong password or driver issueCheck credentials, update drivers

4. Practical Tips πŸ’‘

  • Always restart router/modem before troubleshooting ❌πŸ”„✅

  • Keep network drivers updated πŸ–₯️

  • Use cable tester for Ethernet cable faults πŸ”Œ

  • Document IP addresses and network settings for future reference πŸ“

πŸ’‘ Quick Summary:

  1. Configure IP → DHCP (auto) or static (manual) 🏷️

  2. Ping test → Check connectivity πŸ“

  3. DNS check → Resolve domain issues 🌐

  4. Traceroute → Identify path failures πŸ”„

  5. Troubleshoot devices, cables, Wi-Fi, drivers πŸ”§

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