To develop skills in laptop and desktop repair, maintenance, and troubleshooting

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1. Understanding Hardware Components

Before repairing anything, you must know what each part does.

  • CPU, RAM, Motherboard, PSU/SMPS, Hard Disk/SSD – understand function and common faults

  • Input/Output devices – keyboards, monitors, ports

  • Laptop-specific: Battery, touchpad, cooling system, keyboard membrane

Practical Activity: Open a laptop and a desktop safely, identify all components, and note their connectors.

2. Basic Tools & Safety

  • Essential Tools: Screwdrivers (Phillips, flat), anti-static wrist strap, tweezers, thermal paste, compressed air

  • Safety Guidelines:

    • Always disconnect power 🔌

    • Avoid static shocks → wear anti-static wrist strap

    • Handle delicate components (CPU pins, motherboard connectors) carefully

3. Assembly & Disassembly Skills

  • Learn step-by-step assembly of desktops and laptops

  • Practice:

    1. Desktop: Install CPU, RAM, GPU, connect storage, PSU, motherboard

    2. Laptop: Remove battery, hard disk/SSD, RAM, keyboard, screen panel

  • Understand screws and connectors – laptop screws are smaller and fragile

Tip: Document every step while disassembling with photos – makes reassembly easier. 📸

4. Preventive Maintenance

  • Cleaning: Dust removal using compressed air, clean vents and fans

  • Thermal Management: Apply fresh thermal paste, check cooling fan operation

  • Software Maintenance: Update drivers, defragment HDD, disk cleanup

  • Battery Care: Check battery health, avoid overcharging

Activity: Schedule monthly cleaning for your laptop/desktop.

5. Troubleshooting Common Issues

ProblemPossible CauseSolution
No powerPSU/adapter, faulty cableTest PSU, replace cable
No displayGPU/Monitor/RAMTest monitor, reseat RAM/GPU
OverheatingDust, thermal paste, fan failureClean, replace thermal paste/fan
Slow performanceRAM/Storage/SoftwareUpgrade RAM/SSD, optimize software
Random shutdownPSU, overheating, batteryCheck PSU, clean cooling, test battery
OS boot errorsCorrupt OS/StorageRepair OS, check storage

Advanced Activity: Use multimeter to test PSU voltage, check laptop DC jack. 🔋

6. Software Troubleshooting

  • Learn basic OS troubleshooting: Windows & Linux

  • Common tasks:

    • Safe mode boot

    • Driver updates

    • Disk error checks (chkdsk)

    • Malware removal

7. Advanced Repair Skills

  • Motherboard repairs: Soldering small components (only with practice)

  • Laptop keyboard and touchpad replacement

  • Hard disk recovery techniques – detecting bad sectors, cloning drives

  • BIOS/UEFI troubleshooting: Reset, update, recover corrupted BIOS

8. Diagnostic Tools

  • Hardware: Multimeter, POST card, PSU tester

  • Software:

    • CPU-Z, HWMonitor → check CPU/GPU/RAM health

    • CrystalDiskInfo → check hard disk health

    • MemTest86 → RAM diagnostics

9. Skill-Building Exercises

  1. Disassemble & reassemble laptops of different brands

  2. Clean and replace thermal paste on CPU/GPU

  3. Replace RAM, SSD, keyboard, and screens

  4. Diagnose and fix boot failures

  5. Simulate hardware failures and repair them

💡 Pro Tip: Start with desktops – easier to open and replace components. Move to laptops once comfortable with delicate parts.

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