To introduce networking basics and practical skills

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1. What is Networking? 🌐

  • Definition: Connecting two or more computers/devices to share data and resources.

  • Purpose: File sharing, internet access, printer sharing, gaming, communication.

2. Types of Networks 🏠🏒🌍

  1. LAN (Local Area Network): Small area, e.g., home or office 🏠

  2. WAN (Wide Area Network): Large area, e.g., internet 🌍

  3. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): City-wide coverage 🏒

  4. PAN (Personal Area Network): Devices close to a person, e.g., Bluetooth πŸ”΅

3. Network Devices πŸ–₯️πŸ”Œ

  • Router: Connects networks and directs traffic πŸ“‘

  • Switch: Connects multiple devices in a LAN πŸ”€

  • Hub: Simple device to connect devices (less intelligent than switch)

  • Modem: Connects LAN to ISP (Internet Service Provider) 🌐

  • Firewall: Protects network from unauthorized access πŸ›‘️

4. Network Cables & Topologies πŸ”—

  • Cables:

    • Ethernet (Cat5, Cat6) 🟦

    • Fiber optic (high speed) 🌟

  • Topologies:

    • Star: Central hub/switch connects devices ⭐

    • Bus: Single cable connects all devices ➖

    • Ring: Devices connected in a circle πŸ”„

5. IP Address & DNS 🏷️

  • IP Address: Unique address for each device (like a house number) 🏠

  • DNS (Domain Name System): Converts website names to IP addresses 🌐➡️🏠

Practical: Check your IP on Windows:

ipconfig

On Linux:

ifconfig

6. Network Setup & Hands-on Skills πŸ’»πŸ› ️

  1. Set up a small LAN:

    • Connect 2–4 PCs with a switch and Ethernet cables

    • Assign IP addresses manually (static) or via DHCP (automatic)

  2. Ping Test: Check connectivity between devices:

ping 192.168.1.2

  1. File Sharing: Share a folder from one PC to another πŸ—‚️

  2. Wi-Fi Setup: Configure router, set SSID, password πŸ”‘

  3. Traceroute: See the path to a website:

tracert google.com

7. Troubleshooting Common Network Issues ⚡

IssueCauseSolution
No internetISP, cable, routerRestart modem/router, check cables
Slow networkCongestion, weak Wi-FiReboot devices, change Wi-Fi channel
Cannot ping deviceFirewall, wrong IPCheck firewall, verify IP
IP conflictDuplicate IPAssign a new IP manually

8. Advanced Networking Concepts (Optional) 🧩

  • Subnetting: Dividing a network for efficiency

  • VLANs: Virtual LANs to segment networks

  • Port Forwarding: Access services behind a router

  • Network Security: Firewalls, antivirus, encryption πŸ”

πŸ’‘ Pro Tip: Always start small: build a home LA

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